TEXTILE RAW MATERIAL
TEXTILE RAW MATERIAL
Different fibres are used as raw material for the textile. These fibers can be classified as under.
- NATURAL FIBRES
- MAN MADE FIBRES
NATURAL FIBRES
Natural fibers further can be classified according to their source of production and are as under.
- VEGETABLE FIBRES
- ANIMAL FIBRES
VEGETABLE FIBRES
Vegetable fibres are that which are obtained from plant. These fibres are obtained from different parts of the plants i.e. seed , leaf, bast etc.
The mainly used vegetable fibres in textile industry are as under.
- Cotton
- Flex (Linen)
- Jute
- Hemp
- Sisal
- Abaca
- Kapok
COTTON
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Cotton is the king of fibers. It is used in textile industry since many years. It is obtained from the seed or fruit of the plant. Its plant is bush like. Cotton plant is found in different species. Its species are as under.
1. Gossypium Arboreum
2. Gossypium Hirsutum
3. Gossypium Barbadense
4. Gossypium Herbacium
The textile products produced from cotton are comfortable. Cotton is hydrophilic fibre. Due to its hydrophilicity it is most suitable for summer clothing.
Major countries producing cotton are as under.
· PAKISTAN
· INDIA
· USA
· MEXICO
· EGYPT
· BRAZIL
· SUDAN
The world’s best cotton is found in Egypt Sudan
COTTON FIBER PROPERTIES
· Fibre Fineness
Cotton fiber fineness is its linear density. It is defined as micrograms/inches.
Cotton fiber fineness can be measured with the help of an instrument Shifield Micrinaire.
Principle of this instrument is resistance to air flow.
Standard laboratory conditions for this test are
Temperature = 20 ± 2 ˚C
R.H= 65 ± 2 %
Micronaire Reading
|
Fineness
|
6 and above
|
Very coarse
|
5-5.9
|
Coarse
|
4-4.9
|
Medium
|
3-3.9
|
Fine
|
Below 3
|
Immature
|
· Cotton Fiber Maturity
Cotton fiber maturity is extent of fibre cell wall development. It is explained as related to fiber fineness.
If the fineness is above than 6 fibre is over mature. If fineness is less than fibre is immature.
